Elements of 4D_Gabbi

 Time:

    Time, being one of the elements of 4D Art, may be defined in various ways depending on what context is at hand. In simpler terms, time is a way to measure events and occurrences that have happened in the past, are happening now, and that will happen in the future. Whether this be a moment, hour or decade, all interactions occur over time. Time based art serves as a reminder that each individual life has a defined time-frame that individual experiences are limited to.

    There are many ways to categorize time due to the complexity of its definition. The most common would most likely be "Measured Time." This category refers to a situation in which an artist utilizes time in an exact way to match actual time outside of their work. 'Running Time' is a similar way to categorize time in an objective way. Running Time refers to the length of time an artist uses to convey their plot. More subjective ways to interpret time are "Experienced Time" and "Biological Time." Experienced time is unique to the subject perceiving the time due to the psychological aspects taken into consideration of measurement. Biological time is similar in its subjectivity due to the measurement relating to biological functions. 

Salvador DalíThe Persistence of Memory1931

    I've always been drawn to surrealism in art. When asked to provide an example of time in art, this work was the first that came to mind. Dali provides imagery of clocks (a common symbol of time) in an unconventional way. This way of portraying everyday objects demands focus among them. Especially in this seemingly infinite scenery, the focus on time in the work leaves an uneasy feeling within me.

 Sound:

    Sound is an essential component of the majority of communication that takes place in our daily lives. Whether it be just speaking, hearing announcements over an intercom, or the even hearing the sound of a potential danger in a far distance, these forms of communication all rely on sound. Characteristics of sound include: the attack, the sustain, and the decay. The attack is the length of time between the beginning of a sound and its peak. The sustain is the length of time a sound occurs before it starts to decay or fall off. 

    In terms of categorizing sounds, there are multiple groups of organization depending on perspective. One of these groups are synchronous sounds. These sounds are timed in relation to their sources in a performance space. The next group is referred to as non-synchronous sounds or sounds that can be heard while their source is unseen or unapparent. Another category of sound is asynchronous sounds; a type of sound in which doesn't match what can be seen in a performance. The last group of sound can be split into diegetic and non-diegetic sounds. Diegetic sounds can be referred to as literal sounds such as dialogue  between characters, sound effects generated by the scene of a performance or sounds made by things within the performance. Non-diegetic sounds refer to the nonliteral sounds in a performance such as narration, cartoon or fictional sound effects and/or music that is incorporated in a performance that isn't being played live.

Janet Cardiff 

Forty-Part Motet

2005

Credit...

Timothy Hursley/Museum of Modern Art

    While researching this work of art, I learned that there are ways to experience sound art in ways that feel live without the art necessarily being performed live. Its a concept that I most likely could have assumed, but the way that Cardiff uses speakers to completely surround the listener is something I never would have thought to do and the possibilities of spacial perception of sound is something I find very intriguing.

Movement:

    Movement refers to a change in position in relation to other things around it in order to convey a specific message. This can be done in a way that lead the viewers eye (successional movement) or be done in a way that forces the viewers eye in a different direction (oppositional movement). The lack of action or stillness could also be used to convey expressions or messages.

    More specifically, movements of smaller parts of a whole subject is called a gesture or an isolation. Through the use of these isolations, more complex movements can be established. This is also used as a way to draw attention to particular parts of the subject. Another way to draw focus to intended objects in film is through the use of camera movements such of zoom, tracking or panning. These techniques contribute to the overall intended expression of a work.

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Bridget Riley

Blaze

https://mymodernmet.com/kinetic-sculpture-art-history/

    A work I found that involves movement is a gif by Bridget Riley, what makes it so visually interesting is the oppositional rotating pieces create an illusion that the the work is almost zooming in.